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Criminologists, Criminalists, and Forensic Psychologists and Their Areas of Study
Criminologists are people who analyze crime and criminal behavior and try to come up with explanations of why those who commit crime do it. Criminologists involve themselves in analyzing the behavior of the criminal and the methods the criminal use. After the analysis Criminologists come up with criminal conduct profiles through studying and researching psychological behavior, issues in the society, environmental contribution, level of education, and biological aspects. They help prepare statistics on crime into effective tools in law implementation agencies (Wrightsman, 2001).
Criminalists are people who involve themselves in identifying, comparing, analyzing, and interpreting physical evidence. A Criminalist objectively examines the physical evidence employing their experience and skills in the investigation. The criminalist separates vital evidence from unimportant evidence that has no essential value. Criminalist uses scientific methods to identify, separate, and compare evidence in a useful way during investigation or trial. Criminalists involve in deducing the evidence, and test results to get the truth.
Forensic Psychology involves the application of psychology to the criminal justice process. Forensic psychologists investigate the perspective of psychology and use them in the criminal justice process. They majorly relate to assessing and treating criminals’ behavior (Wrightsman, 2001).
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Differences between White-Collar Crime and Blue-Collar Crime
Blue-collar crime is a criminal act committed by citizens from the lower class in society; these crimes instill direct harm to people or threaten them. Blue-collar crime covers crimes that are more possible to be committed by a person ignited by passion contrary to those demanding cautious deliberation. Blue-collar crimes cause a direct effect on society and are punishable heavily compared to punishment for white-collar crime. These crimes include gambling drug abuse among others. Blue-collar clime usually affects one family or part of the community. The crime is horrific and calls for much attention and focus (Paternoster, 2002). White-collar crime is a crime committed by citizens from the higher class in society. These people can afford legal assistance of high quality. An example of white-collar crime is money laundering and financial fraud. These crimes are motivated by money and are nonviolent and are done for financial gain illegally. They affect business and society financially in a big way (Friedrichs, 1996).
Types of Crime Measured by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports
Index in crime statistics is taken as part of the uniform crime reporting process. These are taken as representative of most offensive crimes. There are eight crime indexes which are grouped into two; property crime and violent crime. FBI has authority over violence under different sets of federal law. Under the uniform crime report, the FBI collects data relating to the following offenses: arson, robbery, aggravated assault, homicide, larceny-theft, forcible rape, burglary, and vehicle theft (Friedrichs, 1996).
There are eight crimes that the FBI integrates to in preparing their crime report. These crimes are forcible rape, larceny, arson, vehicle theft, willful homicide, assault, burglary, and robbery. For statistical presentation at the national level, a standard definition is put in place for guidance. The standard eliminates the difference between individual states’ rulings, which would influence how a person is punished, it also creates a basis for crime standardization. It involves classifying crimes into serious crimes and nonserious crimes.
Blue-Collar Crime is Heavily Focused in Popular Culture through the Media
In popular culture, the media focuses on blue-collar crimes. We see the media report about an increase in the crime rate or drop in crime rate basing their reference on the rate of crimes such as robbery, rape, vehicle theft among others all of which fall under the blue-collar crime.
White-collar crimes do not cause much attention. It is not exciting or dramatic and a lot of people fail to understand it. Many people know what rape or murder is. However, white-collar crimes cause the reaction made by blue-collar crimes. For example, fraud does not affect the feelings of many people and thus it fails to receive much focus in the media. A great example is the Lehman Brothers and AIG scandals that caused made nearly every person aware that someone suffered from the company failure (Hoover, 1998).
Index-One Crime and an Index-Two Crime as Measured in the Uniform Crime Reports
According to uniform crime reports of the FBI, index-one crimes are wrongdoings committed which consists of severe felonies. Index-two crimes are offenses involving minor felonies (Hoover, 1998).
Classification of Index-One Crimes as Violent or Property Crimes
Crimes fall under two different categories; violent and property crimes. Violent crimes hurt or threaten people directly while property crime does not affect people directly.
Under index-one crimes, forced rape, battery, robbery, and murder are categorized as violent crimes. Since they require the use of force and this will result in direct harm to the person.
The following index-one crimes are categorized as property crimes; vehicle theft, burglary, and theft. The above crimes do not cause harm or threaten a person directly.
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